Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is an allergic reaction that happens when your immune system overreacts to things like pollen, dust, pet dander, or mold. It causes inflammation inside the nose and leads to cold-like symptoms. It can be seasonal (happening during certain times of year, like spring or fall) or year-round, depending on the trigger.

• Pollen from trees, grasses, or weeds (seasonal allergies)

• Dust mites

• Pets (skin flakes from cats, dogs, etc.)

• Mold spores

• Smoke, strong odors, or air pollution may worsen symptoms but aren't true allergens.

• Sneezing

• Runny or stuffy nose

• Itchy nose, eyes, throat, or ears

• Watery or red eyes

• Postnasal drip (mucus running down the back of the throat)

• Feeling tired or foggy, especially during allergy seasons

• Avoiding triggers when possible (e.g., keeping windows closed during high pollen days, using air filters)

• Antihistamines to reduce sneezing, runny nose, and itchiness

• Nasal steroid sprays to reduce inflammation in the nose

• Decongestants, used short-term to relieve stuffiness

• Saline nasal rinses to flush out allergens

• Allergy shots (immunotherapy) may be recommended for long-term relief in people with severe or persistent symptoms

• If symptoms are frequent, long-lasting, or affect daily life or sleep.

• If medications don't provide enough relief.

• If you have asthma or other breathing issues that worsen with allergies.