The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, primarily affecting the nose and throat. It is caused by various viruses, with rhinoviruses being the most common culprit.

• Runny or stuffy nose: Often accompanied by clear nasal discharge that can become thicker and yellowish or green as the cold progresses.

• Sore throat: This is typically mild and may feel scratchy.

• Cough: Can develop as the cold progresses, especially as postnasal drip occurs.

• Sneezing: A common symptom due to nasal irritation.

• Mild body aches: Sometimes associated with a general feeling of being unwell.

• Low-grade fever: More common in children than adults.

• Fatigue: Feeling tired or fatigued is often reported during a cold.

The cold spreads through:

• Airborne droplets: When an infected person coughs or sneezes.

• Direct contact: Touching surfaces or hands contaminated with the virus, then touching the face, particularly the nose, mouth, or eyes.

• Hand hygiene: Washing hands frequently with soap and water.

• Avoid close contact: Stay away from people who have colds.

• Disinfect surfaces: Regular cleaning of commonly touched surfaces like door handles and phones.

There is no cure for the common cold, but symptoms can be managed by:

• Resting: Ensuring the body has time to recover.

• Staying hydrated: Drinking plenty of fluids.

• Over-the-counter medications: Pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen, and decongestants or cough suppressants, can help ease symptoms.

• Humidifiers: Adding moisture to the air can soothe irritated nasal passages and throat.

Colds typically last 7 to 10 days, though some symptoms like cough may persist longer.