It is a lymphoid tissues located in the back side of nasal cavity (nasopharynx)

Adenoid play a role in immunity system, it is as a scanner for any microbes enter through the nose, that recognize it and starting the process to make a memory in the body to kill this microbe .

Normally, adenoid gets enlarge between age 2-7 years old due to its maximum functioning role, but it gets enlarged more than normal when patient has a recurrent attacks of nasal infection or recurrent attacks of allergy with no good control by medicine, last it may enlarge due to a genetic factors

Adenoidectomy is a surgical procedure done under general anesthesia (deep sleeping) that involves removal of adenoids

• Adenoidal enlargement is a frequent cause of significant airway obstruction, leading to snoring and sleep-disordered breathing or obstructive sleep apnea. Adenoidectomy can control the issue and relief tha airway blockage specially when medical therapy, such as topical nasal corticosteroids, fails to relief the obstruction .

• children with chronic nasal and sinus infection that does not respond to medical management, adenoidectomy can remove the infected tissue which is filled with bacteria not responding to medicine and control the condition

• Adenoid enlargement and infection can affect the function of the middle ear ventilating canal (eustachean tube) which can cause recurrent attacks of middle ear infection, or middle ear fluid affecting hearing, so adenoidectomy is necessarry to control the condition

The procedure can be performed using various techniques, including traditional curettage, suction diathermy, and recently updated method is removal by Coblation (cold-plasma technique) with endoscopic-assisted methods or under mirror vision

Overall, adenoidectomy is considered a safe procedure with a low incidence of severe complications. The potential for these complications should be considered when evaluating the risks and benefits of the surgery.

1. Postoperative Hemorrhage: rare, less tha 0.1%, bleeding can occur after adenoidectomy.

2. Infection: less than 2.6%, infection is another potential complication,

3. Respiratory issues, such as difficulty breathing or compromise, can occur, particularly in younger children or those with pre-existing conditions. Studies showed that a 5.4% rate of respiratory complications in children under 3 years of age

4. Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: This is a less common complication where the removal of adenoids affects the closure of tha plate and throat, potentially leading to speech issues.

5. Anesthetic Risks: As with any surgery, there are risks associated with anesthesia,even it is very rare .